Rules of origin, determination, application and certification: for cost-saving and compliance

There are two types of rule of origin (ROO): one is for most-favoured nation (MFN) trade, known as non-preferential ROO, and the other is for preferential trade – preferential ROO such as generalised system of preferences (GSP) and FTA/RTA. But the World Trade Organisation has not reached agreement on product-specific and detailed ROO.