SAMR prohibits business operators from using standard clauses to limit liability. Cybersecurity is strengthened on intelligent connected vehicles. Enterprise income tax treatment of cross-border hybrid investments is clarified.
Shanghai energy exchange releases details of carbon emissions trading; first options products open to foreign investors begin trading in Shanghai, Dalian; and PBOC orders major banks and payment services institutions to clamp down on OTC crypto merchants
Transactions limits are specified for national carbon trading. CBIRC defines banks' affiliated transactions. Parties may be banned from participating in securities markets.